How to Choose a Cordless Drill: Voltage, Chuck Size and Batteries Explained

Most people buying a first cordless drill overpay for power they will never use, or buy into a battery platform they regret a year later. This guide explains the four decisions that matter, what each one costs, and where a budget drill is genuinely enough.

How we chose what to recommend

We compared manufacturer specifications (voltage, chuck size, maximum torque, weight with battery, battery capacity in amp-hours) and retailer listings across the main US tool brands. We did not run hands-on torque tests; where we cite numbers they come from the manufacturer's published specs.

Voltage: 12V vs 18V/20V

18V and 20V MAX are the same class of battery (20V is the no-load rating; 18V is the nominal rating). 12V drills are lighter and cheaper and are excellent for overhead work and small fasteners, but struggle with large hole saws and long lag screws. If you own, or plan to own, other cordless tools, pick the voltage platform first and the drill second: batteries are the expensive part.

Chuck size and type

A 3/8-inch chuck is fine for drill bits up to that shank size and keeps the tool compact; a 1/2-inch chuck accepts larger bits and spade/auger bits for framing and deck work. Nearly all consumer drills use a keyless chuck, which is quicker but can slip on high-torque jobs — a ratcheting keyless chuck reduces that.

Brushed vs brushless motors

Brushless motors run cooler, last longer and deliver more runtime per charge; they typically add $30–$60 at the same voltage. For occasional use, brushed is a sensible saving. For regular projects, brushless pays back in battery life and weight.

Batteries: capacity and how many

Capacity is measured in amp-hours (Ah). A 2.0Ah battery is enough for assembly and light drilling; 4.0Ah and above suits long sessions and masonry. Two batteries matter more than one large one: one charges while you work. Check whether the kit includes a charger — bare-tool listings do not.

Features worth paying for

• Two-speed gearbox (low speed for driving screws, high for drilling)
• Clutch with 15+ settings to avoid stripping screws
• LED work light positioned at the base, not the nose
• Hammer function only if you drill into brick or concrete

What to spend

1. Under $80: 12V or brushed 18V kits with one battery — fine for apartment tasks
2. $80–$150: brushed or entry brushless 18V/20V kits with two batteries — the sweet spot
3. $150+: brushless hammer drills or combo kits (drill + impact driver) for frequent DIY

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